Publications
The paper summarizes the estimates of the gender wage gap in the Russian labour market from 1996 to 2021 based on a meta-analysis. Parenthood is the most important factor that impacts the variation in the unexplained portion of the gap. Ignoring parenthood leads to a significant underestimation of the gender wage gap. In contrast, lack of controls for industry and profession leads to an overestimation of the unexplained portion of the gap. The explanatory power of the traditional factors, such as human capital or job characteristics, tends to decline over time. Including personality traits of men and women into analysis reduces the unexplained portion of the gap. Our analysis contradicts the hypothesis of the gender bias among researchers. Moreover, measure of pay is a major determinant of the gap, which is higher for monthly than for hourly wages. We found no significant differences in the gender gap estimates obtained with various assessment methods or data bases. Finally, Heckman's correction for self-selection does not affect the estimates of gender inequality.
The article's focus is to assess the impact of physical activity on alcohol and tobacco consumption among young Russians aged 18 to 24. The Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMSHSE) data for the period 2013-2019 years was used to conduct the empirical analysis. The panel sample included 9 914 observations (4 726 men and 5 188 women). The econometric analysis found that physically active men, as expected, are more likely to lead a healthy lifestyle: they are less likely to smoke and consume alcohol compared to those who do not do exercises or sports. At the same time, the assumption that young women engaged in physical activity are less susceptible to unhealthy habits was not confirmed: a positive correlation was found between the physical activity of this group of respondents and their probability of drinking alcohol, as well as between the intensity of physical activity and the probability of smoking. The results of this study can help develop public policy measures to encourage young Russians to be more physically active and give up unhealthy habits. The article's focus is to assess the impact of physical activity on alcohol and tobacco consumption among young Russians aged 18 to 24. The Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMSHSE) data for the period 2013-2019 years was used to conduct the empirical analysis. The panel sample included 9 914 observations (4 726 men and 5 188 women). The econometric analysis found that physically active men, as expected, are more likely to lead a healthy lifestyle: they are less likely to smoke and consume alcohol compared to those who do not do exercises or sports. At the same time, the assumption that young women engaged in physical activity are less susceptible to unhealthy habits was not confirmed: a positive correlation was found between the physical activity of this group of respondents and their probability of drinking alcohol, as well as between the intensity of physical activity and the probability of smoking. The results of this study can help develop public policy measures to encourage young Russians to be more physically active and give up unhealthy habits.
The purpose of the article is to present a methodological approach to assessing the state of the risk to the environment from man-made emergencies at chemically hazardous sites. The methodological approach is based on an expert method, the use of which allowed the authors to create the structure of the risk management system and, determine the plurality of criteria parameters while taking into account their weight in the formation of the environmental consequences of chemical accidents. Criteria parameters were grouped into clusters of physicochemical and toxicological properties of hazardous chemicals used at a chemical plant, equipment operating at an enterprise, personnel, and environmental vulnerability. The research became the basis of the Guidelines for Assessing the Environmental Risk from Emergencies at Chemically Hazardous Sites. As an example, the article presents the calculation of the level of environmental risk for a terrestrial site from the metallurgical enterprise LLP Kazakhmys Smelting, in Zhezkazgan town, Republic of Kazakhstan. The developed methodology is the basis of the Information and Analytical System for Assessing the Environmental Consequences of Man-made Emergencies, which allows users to facilitate the implementation of a set of measures aimed to forecast and reduce the impact of emergency’s damaging factors on the environment.
The article presents a review of literature systematizing findings on the contribution of non-cognitive skills to higher education choice-making. The concept of higher education choice-making in this paper embraces the decision to embark on a college degree, the probability of successful degree completion, the choice of academic discipline, and other related aspects. A priority focus is given to publi- cations in economics since the economic approach differs a lot from approaches in other social sciences.
In addition, the article explores the methodological characteristics of non-cognitive skills research in economics. The results of literature analysis point to the relevance of non-cognitive skills in explaining individual educational choices and allow drawing some inferences for education policy.
With an ageing population, older persons are retiring later and staying in the labour market longer. Employment of older per‑ sons can have both a positive and a negative impact on their life satisfaction. The analysis of the influence of employment of the elderly population on life satisfaction was carried out on the data of the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population in 2012–2017 by calculating models with fixed effects and instrumental variables. The results showed that among all age groups, pensioners have the lowest level of life satisfaction. At the same time, employed pensioners have a higher level of life satisfaction than the unemployed. Good health and a higher level of education, as well as living in a city or regional center, increase the likelihood of employment for older persons, and employment has a significant positive impact on the life satisfaction of the elderly population.
This study introduces a comparative analysis of the gender wage gap decomposition methods with the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) data for 2018. To decompose the differences in average wages, approaches based on the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition are used. Apart from the mean wages, the study focuses on other distribution statistics. Using the quantile regressions, the wage gap between men and women is decomposed for the distribution parameters such as median, lower and upper deciles. The decomposition estimates of conditional and unconditional (based on recentered influence functions) quantile regressions are compared.
Though master’s programmes are rapidly gaining attention from students, evidence concerning the labor market returns to master’s degree remains scarce. There is a widespread opinion that Russian employers can barely distinguish between graduates with bachelor’s and master’s degree making it unreasonable to pursue a graduate degree. This paper contradicts this opinion. Based on a unique administrative dataset about employment of Russian HEI graduates in 2020, this study reveals a significantly positive association between master’s degree acquisition and labour market outcomes one year after graduation. Master’s degree increases probability of employment by 3—8% in male sample and by 10—16% in female sample, respectively. Moreover, graduate degree is associated with a wage premium of 5—21% for females and 2—11% for males. Despite a short period of time passed after the Bologna reform, Russian labour market encourages having a graduate degree, though the size of the premium varies drastically between fields of study and types of university.